This was made by tearing ships' ropes into small fragments – a task
known as picking oakum – by the inmates of the workhouse and
prison
During the bad harvests of 1314-1319 and other times, oats fared
better than most crops.
The cereal was eaten as havercake and as a porridge, and the straw
was fed cattle and horses.
Grain was also used as wall cavity insulation.
Corn was not produced locally – even though the mills which
ground the oats are called corn mills.
See
Locational surnames and
Patronymic surnames
A period of 8 days which was used for recording dates.
For example, the feast of All Saints is on 1st November;
the octave of All Saints is 8th November
The name comes from the Old English hlaford
and hlafweard meaning loaf-warden = bread-keeper.
See
Aid,
Appurtenance,
Avowry,
Bailiff,
Banalities,
Bondman,
Boonwork,
Chancel,
Chevage,
Constable,
Corn mill,
Corvee,
Cottar,
Customary due,
Demesne,
Dower House,
Escheat,
Farm,
Felony,
Formarriage,
Gallows, Right of,
Geld,
Go where he will,
Great House,
Greave,
High farming,
Homage,
Inland,
Jurisdiction,
Jus primae noctis,
Leyerwite,
Lordship,
Manor,
Manor courts,
Manor house,
Manorial court,
Merchet,
Piscary,
Reeve,
Royalty,
Sac & soc,
Seneschal,
Sergeant,
Socage,
Suit of mill,
Tenant at will,
Town air is free air,
Villein and
Warren
In January 1928, the pension was 10/- per week
See
New draperies
The written languages uses the letters
þ / Þ / ð / Ð
and the spelling and grammar reflects the Germanic roots of the
language.
King Alfred wrote in this form and translated the Bible
and other works into Old English.
The language is virtually unintelligible to the untrained reader
today.
Old English should not be confused with the Celtic languages
which were, and still are, spoken in the western fringes of Britain
as Cornish, Welsh, Manx, Irish Gaelic
and Scottish Gaelic.
Around 1350, Old English gave way to Middle English
The garden was managed by an olitor
When the word is encountered in place names – such as
Oliver Hall, Elland
and
Oliver Meadows
- it often indicates a place where a forge or smithy once stood, or
where iron-working was carried out
The Foldout presents
gives the lyric and more information about On Ilkley moor baht
'at.
See
Baht and
Ilkley Moor
See
The Estate Worker's Cottage Shibden Hall
See
Laudanum
The orders of 1807 banned trade with France and were a consequence of
the Napoleonic Wars.
They were intended to prevent neutral powers trading with France,
thus giving war a priority over the needs of the people and industry.
The orders angered the Americans who passed a Non-Intercourse
Act in 1811, and cut off the major markets for the woollen trade
in Yorkshire, and also aggravated conditions for the Luddites.
The Orders had a frightful effect on the clothing districts,
including Halifax.
The Orders were repealed on 18th June, 1812
6 inch to 1 mile maps appeared after the Ordnance Survey Act
[1841].
In 1873, the first Ordnance Survey map of the whole of Britain was
published
Akroyd's records show that they produced a
figured Orleans in 1838
See
Wough
The ounce is still valid as a unit for trade in the UK, following
legislation of 1994/5 which replaced some imperial units by metric
units
See
Fluid ounce,
Ounce apothecaries and
Troy ounce
See
Apothecary
See
Indoor-Relief
See
Out-poor 1787
The village Outlane is in Kirklees
An outlaw could be legally killed on sight by anyone who met him, and
was said to have:
See
Rake
See
Lacey Hey Farm, Midgley and
Old Earth Farm, Elland
George Redmonds records
See
Settlement
Guardian of the Poor,
Pauper and
Poor apprentice
Pearson suggests that Northowram is a form
of North-over-ham, indicating that it lies north of the Town,
whereas Southowram lies to the south – but avoids the question
... which Town?
See
Ouram
It was a unit of area, approximately 15 acres in size,
although the precise area differed from place to place
The term comes from the French oyer – meaning to hear.
In the 13th century it was used to mean an assize, or a criminal
trial held under a commission of Oyer & terminer
This & associated entries use material contributed by Joanne Backhouse
The inquiry to hear and determine according to the law, the
bills of indictment submitted to it.
Also present was a petit jury (or trial jury) who heard the
evidence presented by the petitioners and the defendants
(respondents), and after instruction from the commissioners, would
deliberate and arrive at a verdict.
Oyer & terminer commissions were generally issued to deal with
matters that were too serious, or the people involved too powerful,
to be handled by the common court
This & associated entries use material contributed by Joanne Backhouse
Oakum Ref 1-O10 Oath of allegiance Ref 1-O6 Oats Ref 1-1024 Ob Ref 1-2948 Occupational Surname Ref 1-1027 
Occupations Ref 1-929
Octave Ref 1-O15 Odd Lads Ref 1-2003 Lord of the manor Ref 1-133 Lady of the Night Ref 1-1146 Ogee Ref 1-O14 
Oil of Vitriol Ref 1-1046 
Old age pension Ref 1-O9 Old draperies Ref 1-2597 Old English Ref 1-720
Olitory Ref 1-O7 Oliver Ref 1-143 On Ilkley moor baht 'at Ref 1-572
One-up-one-down house Ref 1-20 Op Ref 1-616 Open-cast mining Ref 1-326 Opium Ref 1-1604 Opposition Ref 1-O11 Or Ref 1-902 Ora Ref 1-O13 Oral history Ref 1-2538 Orders in Council Ref 1-1532 Ordnance Survey Maps Ref 1-343 
Orleans Ref 1-2935 Ormulu Ref 1-O3 Ossuary Ref 1-O4 Ough Ref 1-306 Ounce Ref 1-1360 Ounce apothecaries Ref 1-1708 Ousel Ref 1-O2 Out-Relief Ref 1-1951 Outdoor relief Ref 1-1589 Outfield Ref 1-O12 Outlane Ref 1-596 Outlaw Ref 1-1543
a wolf's head
which could be cut off by anyone.
At one time, a fee of 5/- was paid for an outlaw's head.
If formally captured, an outlaw was hanged.
An outlaw could buy his pardon and be reinstated into the law
Outrake Ref 1-415 Outshut Ref 1-3026 Oven-bottom cake Ref 1-1226 Over Ref 1-595 Oversea Ref 1-O5
an oversee coverynge of a bedde [1544]
a carpet of overse work [1562]
an over-sea hanging of wrought stuff [1646]
Overseer of the Poor Ref 1-1539
Owl Ref 1-698 Owler Ref 1-592 Owram Ref 1-593 Oxgang Ref 1-1700 Oyer Ref 1-1477 Oyer & Terminer Commission Ref 1-1059
Page Ref: B113_O
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